by John Darer CLU ChFC MSSC CeFT RSP CLTC
Is prudent diversification of a large structured settlement a thrilling exercise for structured settlement planners these days, or is more like spinning plates on sticks while balancing by one foot while standing on a ball?
A structured settlement lock-in is a critically important tool available to those who place structured settlement annuities such as structured settlement brokers settlement consultants, settlement professionals and settlement planners.
A structured settlement lock-in may offer critical benefits to claimants, plaintiffs, defendants and insurers alike at the time of case resolution. It’s important to know what a lock-in is, how it can help and its limitations
A structured settlement lock-in means that the structured settlement annuity issuer will guarantee the cost of a specific benefit stream in exchange for the “quid pro quo” of a commitment to accept or purchase. The guarantee could be a week or, even a year.
It is important to understand that you are locking in an annuity benefit stream and the internal rate of return derived from a payment of a premium in a lump sum today. The premium will produce income and/or lump sum annuity payments at times and amounts to be specified in the settlement agreement.
The timing of structured settlement funding may vary depending on:
(1) who is funding the structured settlement (“the payor”);
(2) the statutory requirements of the jurisdiction regarding payment timing (e.g., in York, defendant has21 days to pay after receiving the release of liability):
(3) the nature and business practices of the payor (some delay payment until the last permissible day, while others pay promptly or even pre-fund the structured settlement before receiving release);
(4) whether Court approval of the or the distribution for settlement proceeds is required before the execution of releases;
(5) whether the payor is a government entity with specific funding considerations affecting payment timing;
(6) whether the payor a state insurance guaranty fund liquidation fund, or insolvency scheme of arrangement; and
(7) any stipulations agreed upon by the parties involved.
Examples of more intricate situations where structured settlement lock-ins demonstrate their advantages include:
- Cases involving municipal entities which require a referendum to approve a settlement before releasing funds
- Cases involving Probate or Surrogate Court approval before releasing funds
- Cases involving a run off, guaranty association, liquidation bureau or catastrophic loss fund, such as the New York Liquidation Bureau (which under the best of circumstances wants 9 months from the date all documents are in) or the Pennsylvania Cat Fund ( once a year funding)
- Notwithstanding the foregoing, cases where funding involving one or more layers of insurers and/or towers of coverage for the Defendants, where funding is delayed beyond 90 days.
In a downward interest rate environment lock ins are critical as an interim interest rate shift could have a devastating effect on the yield per settlement dollar. In an upward interest rate environment some could make an argument to speculate on interest rates. Who wants to be on the tail end of it if you are wrong?
Prefunding the structure is the simplest solution.
The “date slide” method is another option
In such cases the settlement documents provide an agreement by the parties for each of the structured settlement payment dates tobe moved an equal number of days between the anticipated (locked in) funding date and the actual funding date, if earlier or later. This is one way to preserve the benefit amounts so that Court submissions can be made and that judges can view the exact benefits that the plaintiff is due to receive,
Those carriers who charge lock in fees muck up the works a bit, because it means there cannot be an exact day for day date slide. In my opinion, it would be better for the carriers to instead provide seamless pricing. One forward thinking structured annuity company, Pacific Life and Annuity, announced in September that it was waiving lock in fees for 6 months.
It has come to the attention of the structured settlement watchdog that some brokers are presenting alternatives that could fail the IRS “benefits and burdens” test and possibly, are needlessly exposing their clients to tax peril.
Apparently some are putting so-called “recalibration clauses” into settlement documents, which give a judge examples “of what the benefits could be” with the caveat that the exact benefits will be calculated after court approval, or at some later date. According to one tax lawyer this author spoke to the IRS could focus on who bears the benefits and burdens of the transaction (the increase or decrease in rate, the extra lock in fees) and determine that the bearer owns the property. This is equally problematic for both plaintiffs and defendants. For defendants, the assignment company could unwind the assignment and for the plaintiff they may not achieve their financial objectives.
The structured settlement watchdog believes that the solution to this problem involves:
1. Life insurers creating seamless pricing that has minimum of 6 months without lock in fees.
2. Standardizing “date slide” contract language that is acceptable across the industry. The date slide language should recognize both early funding and late funding. If funded 10 days early, payment dates should be 10 days earlier. If funded 10 days late then each payment date is 10 days later than scheduled.
The structured settlement watchdog encourages constructive discussion among industry stakeholders to finalize an equitable solution.
Selection of Previous John Darer Reviews of Structured Settlement Funding Issues, Pricing and Lock-Ins
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Structured Settlement Lock-Ins ..What You Need to Know July 31, 2009
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Cost of Structured Settlement…Daily Rates July 13, 2006
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Funding Issues Related to Structured Settlements November 18, 2005
Last updated September 24. 2025
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